Lets start from some simple definitions:
Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in which a view of reality is modified (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer. As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality.[1] By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one.[2][3] Augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding computer vision and object recognition) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes interactive and digitally manipulable. Artificial information about the environment and its objects can be overlaid on the real world.
And
Virtual Reality (VR), which can be referred to as immersive multimedia or computer-simulated life, replicates an environment that simulates physical presence in places in the real world or imagined worlds and lets the user interact in that world. Virtual reality artificially creates sensory experiences, which can include sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.Most up to date virtual reality environments are displayed either on a computer screen or with special stereoscopic displays, and some simulations include additional sensory information and focus on real sound through speakers or headphones targeted towards VR users. Some advanced, haptic, systems now include tactile information, generally known as force feedback in medical, gaming and military applications. Furthermore, virtual reality covers remote communication environments which provide virtual presence of users with the concepts of telepresence and telexistence or a virtual artifact (VA) either through the use of standard input devices such as a keyboard and mouse, or through multimodal devices such as a wired glove or omnidirectional treadmills. The simulated environment can be similar to the real world in order to create a lifelike experience—for example, in simulations for pilot or combat training—or it differs significantly from reality, such as in VR games.
As you can see a lot of differences. Lets talk about some of them:
1. Link user - software
In augmented reality user is not restricted by device. He can use it or not. Augmented reality is delivering extended experience, more informations using data that are available around the user. It allows to interact with environment on higher level, in different (in my opinion better) way.
On the other hand Virtual reality is all about hardware and special software. It exists as long as the device is on the users head and as long as it is turned on. The world that is presented for user is fully virtual and it can simulate our real one or present something drastically different.
2. Interaction
Augmented reality extends possible ways to interact with environment. It shows new paths, new ways and gives something that you call - in some cases of course - extra sense.
Virtual reality allows user to fully interact with the virtual world. The only restrictions are those provided by software. In some cases you can have more options in other less.
3. Usage
Augmented reality is about extending possibilities, giving more flexibility and options for user in his every day actions. It can speed up user, it can make his life easier, it can provide necessary data and informations in current moment.
Virtual reality is more for fun or training. This are two most presented usages of this technologie.
4. Devices
Augmented reality need only a small device that will be able to collect data nesesery for the software. It can be a laptop, tablet or a smartphone or a nice glasses.
Virtual reality is a bit less flexible. You need a special headset that will be conected to a computer. The headset is used for presenting the generated world. Of course you can substitute headset with a special version of car or tank with big screens that will display surrounding world.
Remember that this differences are not making one technology better or worse. Virtual reality and augmented reality are just different technologies created for different purpose. They are very good at thing that they ment to do.
Sources:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality
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